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President Donald Trump has launched a probe into the need for tariffs on critical minerals, the latest action in an expanding trade war that has targeted key sectors of the global economy.

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The order, which Trump signed on Tuesday, calls for the commerce secretary to initiate a Section 232 investigation under the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 to “evaluate the impact of imports of these materials on America’s security and resilience,” according to a White House fact sheet.

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If the secretary finds that the imports threaten to “impair national security and the President decides to impose tariffs,” those levies would take the place of current so-called reciprocal duties Trump announced earlier this month on US trading partners. 

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The order covers a range of minerals, including rare earth elements, that the US government considers “building blocks of our defense industrial base” and crucial to building jet engines, missile guidance systems, advanced computers, as well as radar, optics and communications equipment. The order also covers uranium, as well as processed forms of the minerals and derivative products.

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Under the law, the Commerce secretary is expected to deliver the results of his investigation within 270 days.

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Trump had signaled the move in recent days, suggesting that his administration could consider levies on critical minerals, following other sector-specific tariffs he has imposed on steel and aluminum, automobiles and car parts. On Monday, the administration also announced that they had initiated investigations into semiconductors and pharmaceutical imports — also led by the Commerce Department.

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The latest probe could cover all minerals defined as critical by the United States Geological Survey, according to the White House. The USGS list of 50 materials includes lithium, nickel, zinc, tin and platinum as well as an array of more niche metals, although officials will have leeway in deciding which would ultimately be the subject of recommendations.

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The president last month also invoked emergency powers to boost the ability of the US to produce critical minerals — part of a broad effort to ramp up development of domestic natural resources and make the country less reliant on foreign imports. That order seeks to provide financing, loans and other investment support to domestic processing. 

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Despite possessing reserves of some critical minerals, the US currently imports a significant amount, creating economic and security risks, according to the White House. The administration said the US is import-reliant when it comes to at least 15 critical minerals, while 70% of imports of rare earths come from China. 

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Trump’s order comes as China responds to US tariffs with export curbs on some rare earths, with potential impact across the US, Europe, and Japan. Beijing’s latest restricted list includes samarium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, lutetium, scandium and yttrium — mostly used in displays, powerful magnets and crucial medical technology.